Word List
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n. An amateur is a person who does something for fun and isn't paid for it.The amateur took pictures just as well as the person who worked for money.
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adj. If something is ambiguous, it is not entirely clear.It's ambiguous as to whether a newborn baby looks like a girl or a boy.
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adj. If someone is anonymous, no one knows who he or she is.An anonymous donor gave a thousand dollars to the museum.
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v. To attain something is to succeed at something or to get something you want.If you want to attain a healthy body, you must exercise every day.
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n. Autonomy is another word for freedom or independence.In the 1800s, the people of India fought for autonomy from Britain.
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n. A concession is something that one person gives up to another.China gave Hong Kong to Britain as a concession after the war.
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n. Decay is the result of something slowly being broken down or destroyed naturally.The decay in the old building was obvious.
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v. To dwell somewhere means to live there.Before he was a successful writer, Mark Twain dwelled in the city of Hannibal, Missouri.
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v. To enlighten someone is to teach them about something.Greek philosophers wanted to enlighten the people of Athens with their ideas.
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v. To enrich means to make someone rich or increase their wealth.Taxes on people's income can be used to enrich the government.
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v. To flourish means to do very well and be in an excellent condition.The Roman Empire flourished in Europe two thousand years ago.
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n. Geometry is the study of shapes and how to measure them.If you want to be able to calculate the area of a circle, you must study geometry.
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v. To gleam means to sparkle and shine.The waves of the ocean would gleam every night at sunset.
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n. Greed is wanting to have more of something than you need or should have.The story of King Midas is a story of greed.
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n. Harmony is a feeling that everything is peaceful, balanced, and in agreement.The United Nations is struggling to bring peace and harmony to the world.
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adj. Indigenous means that something or someone exists naturally in an environment or area.The Pueblo people were an indigenous tribe in Arizona who lived in adobe homes.
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n. Jurisdiction means the power or right to make judgments about the law and how it is upheld.We did not have jurisdiction to bring the criminal to trial.
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n. A parade is a series of things or people that come or are shown one after another.This parade of elephants is part of an open-air exhibit to honor these majestic animals.
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n. A statue is a three-dimensional work of art, usually made of clay, marble, or metal.The Venus de Milo is a famous ancient Greek statue.
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n. A virgin is someone who has never had sex.The virgin goddess of the moon was known as Diana.
Exercise
A ‣ Circle the word that fits the definition.
- a long line of marching people
- a. greed
- b. statue
- c. parade
- d. jurisdiction
- the natural breaking down or destruction of something
- a. decay
- b. statue
- c. virgin
- d. harmony
- native to an area
- a. indigenous
- b. anonymous
- c. amateur
- d. anonymous
- to get something you have always wanted
- a. enrich
- b. enlighten
- c. dwell
- d. attain
- a feeling of not wanting to share
- a. jurisdiction
- b. parade
- c. harmony
- d. greed
B ‣ Check(✔) the one that best fits the blank.
- The artist wanted to create a beautiful work of art, so he _____.
- a. worked on the statue for many days
- b. tried to find a country with the right jurisdiction
- Since the family was poor, the mother hoped that winning the prize money would _____.
- a. enrich their household
- b. stop the greed in their household
- Sheila was _____; her family had lived there for thousands of years.
- a. indigenous to New Zealand
- b. ambiguous in New Zealand
- If you want to increase your scores on the math test, you should _____.
- a. flourish more at home
- b. work hard at geometry
- Let's hope that all of the countries in the war will stop fighting, so they can _____ and live in harmony.
- a. dwell peacefully together
- b. attain what they do not want
C ‣ Check (✔) the sentence that makes the most sense according to the bold word.
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- a. The man's greed was so great that he gave all of his money to the poor.
- b. The indigenous people of northern Italy were called the Etruscans.
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- a. The court did not have jurisdiction to bring the case to trial.
- b. I worked on my homework so much that it gleamed.
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- a. Most students study geometry in tenth grade in the United States.
- b. She was able to attain her dream, but she was sad because now it would never come true.
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- a. The smell of decay was so nice I wanted to stay in the garden all day.
- b. Albert will flourish in his new job and go far up the corporate ladder.
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- a. The virgin is a mother to five children.
- b. The statue of the monster looked so real I was scared of it.
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- a. The warring countries are in harmony with each other.
- b. Winning a million dollars would definitely enrich your life.
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- a. The amateur musician works in a band and makes lots of money for playing his piano.
- b. The United States won autonomy from England in the late 1700s.
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- a. The anonymous stranger would never tell us his name.
- b. I made a concession and got everything I wanted.
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- a. Will you dwell in New York City for the rest of your life?
- b. You've agreed to everything I said, so it's ambiguous if you're supporting me.
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- a. After my teacher enlightened me about math, I knew less about it than before.
- b. The long parade went by my house on New Year's Eve.
Debate Over the Elgin Marbles

The Elgin Marbles consists of a parade of beautiful statues of gods and goddesses from Athens, a Greek city named for Athena, the virgin goddess of wisdom and warfare. The statues were sculpted at a time when Athens was flourishing and perhaps the most powerful city in the world. These works of art were once brightly painted and gleamed in the sunshine, but today, 2,500 years later, many of them are broken and have lost their color. The anonymous artists who created them were very skilled in geometry, which is apparent in the sense of balance and harmony that they possess. The statues continue to awe those who come from around the world to view them. Even now, the Elgin Marbles enlighten artists about the creation of beauty.
In the 1800s, Lord Elgin visited Athens from England. He was an amateur art lover who was saddened to see that the statues had fallen into decay. He asked the Sultan of Turkey, who then ruled Athens, if he could buy the statues. The Sultan agreed in the hopes of enriching his kingdom. And since he found the statues to be of little importance, he willingly made the concession. Lord Elgin had just attained some of the most important treasures in art history! He brought the Elgin Marbles to England and donated them to the British Museum, where they remain to this day.
However, after the Greeks attained autonomy from Turkey, their leaders complained about the sale. They believed that the Sultan of Turkey never had jurisdiction to sell the statues in the first place and that the beautiful works of art did not belong in England-instead, they should be returned to Athens, where indigenous Greeks have always dwelled. However, the British Museum has refused to return the Elgin Marbles. They say they will not feed the greed of the Greeks, and that their claims to the statues are ambiguous at best. They believe the British paid for the statues fairly and in compliance with all the laws of the time.
Reading Comprehension
Part A: Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.
- _____ The Elgin Marbles are now in Greece, but England wants them back.
__________ - _____ The Elgin Marbles were created in England 2,500 years ago.
__________ - _____ The British Museum has agreed to return the Elgin Marbles to Athens.
__________ - _____ The Sultan of Turkey sold the Elgin Marbles to an amateur art lover.
__________ - _____ Today, many visitors still come to see the Elgin Marbles.
__________
Part B: Answer the questions.
- What is this reading about?
- a. A statue creator
- b. A tour of Athens
- c. The Goddess Athena
- d. The owner of a statue
- Why do the Greeks want the Elgin Marbles returned?
_____ - How did the British Museum answer the Greeks?
_____

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