Word List
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n. An airway is the passage by which air reaches a person's lungs.Since he was sick, mucus would occasionally get stuck in his airway.
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n. The Almighty is a name for a god in a religion.Before eating, they thanked the Almighty for their food.
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n. An advent is the arrival or beginning of an important person, thing, or event.During the advent of radio, very few programs actually played music.
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n. A cycle is a series of events that go in a circle from the end back to the beginning again.They were caught in a cycle of poverty, lack of education, and unemployment.
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adj. If something is definitive, then it is the most official.This library has the definitive collection of books on ancient Egypt.
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v. To equate one thing with another is to compare them and consider them very similar.She equated the man's messy appearance with a lack of responsibility.
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v. To found something on an idea or principal is to base it on that idea.This is founded on the belief that all people are created equal.
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n. An ideology is a system of belief.Within the teachers' ideology, there was a belief in the value of parent participation.
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v. To inhale means to take air or a smell into the lungs.The camper inhaled the cool and fresh mountain air and felt relaxed.
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v. To invoke something is to mention it to support an argument or ask for help.Before going into battle, the soldier invoked the name of his god for protection.
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adj. If something is lunar, then it is related to the moon.During a lunar eclipse, Earth's shadow darkens the moon's surface.
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n. A novelty is something that is new, original, or strange.Ice cream was a novelty for him since he rarely had any.
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adj. If something is outmoded, then it is no longer in fashion or use.Black and white television sets are outmoded.
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v. To personalize something means to design it to meet a person's unique needs.He personalized the woman's exercises to give her a better workout.
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adj. If something is psychiatric, then it is related to mental illness or its treatment.The doctor said the patient might have a psychiatric problem.
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n. Psychiatry is the study and treatment of mental illness.Studying psychiatry has taught me a lot about mental illness.
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n. A reflex is an unconscious action in which a body part responds to an event.There was a reflex when the doctor hit his knee with a rubber hammer.
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n. A seizure is a sudden condition in which the body loses control and shakes.Bright flashing lights can cause seizures in children.
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n. A session is a meeting at a regular time in order to discuss and solve an issue.Every three months, the managers met in a session to discuss regional sales.
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n. A utensil is a common tool or container.It seemed that a fork was the wrong utensil for trying to eat the soup.
Exercise
A ‣ Circle the one that is similar in meaning to the given word.
- lunar
- a. sun
- b. moon
- c. stars
- d. earth
- reflex
- a. response
- b. delay
- c. broken
- d. squeeze
- found
- a. sell
- b. destroy
- c. describe
- d. be based on
- utensil
- a. horn
- b. badge
- c. spoon
- d. glove
- outmoded
- a. old-fashioned
- b. new
- c. outdoors
- d. innovative
B ‣ Write the word from the word bank that best fits each sentence.
- novelty
- founded
- ideology
- reflexes
- definitive
- seizure
- personalized
- psychiatry
- utensil
- lunar
The doctors thought that too much sugar caused the 1_____.
However, their findings weren't 2_____.
A star shining as brightly as the moon was quite a(n) 3_____.
In fact, the 4_____ glow was actually not as bright.
Those beliefs come from a different 5_____.
A dipper is a(n) 6_____ shaped like a spoon used for getting water.
There are many methods used in 7_____ to help cure mental illnesses.
They are all 8_____ to the specific needs of the patient.
The body's 9_____ are too quick to be controlled by the brain.
The University of New Zealand was 10_____ in 1870.
C ‣ Circle the one that is similar in meaning to the given word.
- inhale
- a. breathe
- b. exit
- c. sell
- d. borrow
- psychiatric
- a. passionate
- b. cozy
- c. mental
- d. similar
- advent
- a. start
- b. moment
- c. candle
- d. pipe
- equate
- a. prepare
- b. drip
- c. sleep
- d. relate
- session
- a. ocean
- b. sweater
- c. rubbish
- d. meeting
- invoke
- a. allow
- b. resist
- c. request
- d. divide
- Almighty
- a. fire
- b. capital
- c. God
- d. tower
- cycle
- a. circle
- b. poverty
- c. wooden
- d. strict
- airway
- a. cloud
- b. throat
- c. road
- d. plane
- outmoded
- a. wild
- b. whole
- c. dumb
- d. old
D ‣ Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.
- The coach designed to their unique needs a program for each of the athletes. _____
- Jack's parents had a weekly meeting with his teacher to discuss Jack's schoolwork. _____
- It was a clear night, and the yard was filled with soft related to the moon light. _____
- The priest asked the God to bless everyone in the church. _____
- She compared the pain in her back to being stabbed with a knife. _____
Seizures Then and Now
If a person who lived 200 years ago was treated for a seizure today, they would be surprised by the treatment's novelty. That's because doctors in the 1800s were influenced more by very old medical beliefs than by science.
Rather than thinking the brain caused seizures, people in the 1800s still thought they were the result of strange forces. This belief was founded on an ideology that equated seizures with the work of evil spirits. Others felt that the seizures had a cosmic or lunar cause. They believed that the cycles of the moon and planets could make someone have a seizure.
During a session to treat a patient who had seizures, doctors would force the patient to invoke the grace of the Almighty. They thought if the patient did this, then the patient would rid themselves of the evil spirits causing the seizures.
The advent of modern psychiatry occurred during the 1800s. At that time, people who suffered from seizures were placed in psychiatric hospitals. They were treated like they were insane. However, none of the outmoded treatments worked.
It wasn't until the late 1850s that the causes of seizures were understood. We know today that these causes involve the brain. Misfired signals from the brain cause a jerking reflex in the body. These usually occur when someone is very tired.
Once the causes of seizures were known, definitive treatments were developed. Today, treatments range from taking pills to having surgery. Treatment is personalized according to the type of seizure the patient has.
Even today, some people are unsure about seizures. Their most common mistake is thinking that a person having a seizure will swallow their tongue. They often shove some utensil in the person's mouth. However, this doesn't help. The utensil often blocks the airway and prevents the person from inhaling. Yet, most of the public no longer fear people who have seizures. Instead, they can now help and comfort a person if they have a seizure.
Reading Comprehension
Part A: Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.
- _____ Doctors who treated patients for seizures in the 1800s were influenced by old medical beliefs.
__________ - _____ Doctors still used outmoded treatments even after definitive treatments were developed.
__________ - _____ The cause of seizures used to be equated to the work of the Almighty.
__________ - _____ Today, care for people with seizures is better because treatment sessions are more personalized.
__________ - _____ The cause of seizures involves misfired signals in the brain that cause a jerking reflex in the body.
__________
Part B: Answer the questions.
- What is the passage about?
- a. History of seizure treatment
- b. Alternative seizure treatment methods
- c. Funding seizure research
- d. Psychiatric treatments
- Why would someone from the past be surprised by the novelty of today's seizure treatments?
_____ - During the advent of modern psychiatry, how were people treated in psychiatric hospitals?
_____
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