Word List
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n. Astrology is the study of the stars in the belief that they influence people's lives.Jack, who studies astrology, believes that the stars can predict the future.
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n. A couple is made of two things that go together.There were a couple of problems I had to solve.
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v. To deviate is to move away from your proper course.Very few deviate much from the average.
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v. To differentiate things or people is to show the difference between them.It was hard to differentiate between the identical twins.
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v. To disrupt something or someone is to prevent them from working.The loud crash disrupted the class lecture.
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n. An equation is a math operation to determine the value of something.I used the Pythagorean theorem to solve the equation.
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v. To err means to make a mistake.The pilot erred in his estimate of the time it would take to make the trip.
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adj. When something is erroneous, it is incorrect or only partly correct.The child held the erroneous belief that time machines were real.
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adj. If people or things are frantic, they behave in a wild way because they are frightened.The cat became frantic when I tried to give it a bath.
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adj. When an action is inadvertent, it is done without realizing what you are doing.She made an inadvertent error when she knocked over the nail polish.
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v. To improvise something is to do it with whatever is available or without planning.There was no meat for the pizza, so we improvised with what was in the fridge.
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n. The latitude of a place is its distance from the equator.The device was able to tell the traveler his exact latitude.
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n. A mariner is a sailor.The old mariner used his telescope to find the shore.
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n. A multitude of things or people is a very large number of them.A multitude of people were waiting at the airport.
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n. A nuisance is a person or thing that is annoying or causes a lot of problems.The teenager considered her noisy little brothers to be quite a nuisance.
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n. The permanence of something is its ability to last forever.Poor results threaten the permanence of the new system.
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v. To revolve around something is to keep it as the main feature or focus.My life revolves around sports.
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v. To soothe means to calm someone who is angry or upset.The mother soothed her crying baby by rocking him in her arms.
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adj. If someone is stranded, they are prevented from leaving a place.When the plane left, my sister and I were stranded in China.
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n. A technique is a way of doing something.There are a lot of teaching techniques that are well supported by research.
Exercise
A ‣ Check(✓) the sentence that makes the most sense according to the bold word.
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- a. The theory proves that the sun rotates around the sun.
- b. Because the substance is so volatile, it needs to be kept in a special container.
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- a. Our car broke down, leaving us stranded in the middle of the highway.
- b. The students improvised a plan to help advertise their new skateboarding club.
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- a. The announcement disrupted the TV show to broadcast an important message.
- b. The woman's frantic shouting caught the attention of passersby.
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- a. The multitude of troops walked many miles each day before reaching their destination.
- b. Please solve these equations for homework tonight.
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- a. It is difficult to differentiate the two girls since they look identical.
- b. We prefer people who have knowledge of techniques in accounting for this position.
B ‣ Write the word from the word bank that best fits each sentence.
- nuisance
- frantic
- latitude
- deviate
- soothed
- erroneous
- multitude
- technique
- mariners
- stranded
When the heat was turned off, we became quite 1_____.
When it finally came back on, our concerns and fears were 2_____.
They did not 3_____ at all from the marked path.
The motor stopped working, and the ship became 4_____.
He used the unusual 5_____ of catching it with his bare hands.
His unpredictable behavior is not dangerous, but he is a(n) 6_____.
During our journey, we arrived at the wrong 7_____.
I suppose our calculations were 8_____.
When the ship came in, I was surprised at the number of 9_____.
I thought there would only be a few sailors, but there was a(n) 10_____.
C ‣ Write the word that best fits each sentence.
- stranded / soothe
Applying the ointment to the cut helped _____ the pain.
The man was _____ on the island for a month before he was rescued. - latitude / equation
I was surprised to find out New York City and Seoul are at almost the same _____.
It took me hours to solve this _____ given to us during class. - couple / mariner
The _____ asked for a room upgrade since it was their honeymoon.
Being a _____ with many years' experience, he knew when the best time to sail was.
The North Star
Among the multitude of stars in the universe, there are a couple that are of great importance to people. The sun, of course, is one of them. The other is known as Polaris, the North Star. Polaris is special because it is the only star that always appears to be in the same place in the sky. Therefore, Polaris is a great compass. When people in the northern hemisphere of Earth look toward Polaris, they can be certain that they are facing north. The permanence of Polaris in the north sky has helped countless people find their destinations.
Before the invention of modern navigation tools, mariners relied on Polaris. Their technique was to look for Polaris to figure out their place at sea. They figured out the angle between the star and the horizon to determine their latitude. As long as the equations weren't erroneous, the results were very reliable. Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West. By knowing directions and their location, mariners could easily navigate their ships.
To those who sail at night, wild storms and dark clouds were more than nuisances. They could disrupt entire journeys by blocking the view of Polaris. A captain could err and make an inadvertent turn, deviating from the correct course. The ship could become stranded at sea, and the frantic captain would have no way to improvise to get the ship back on the right course. The mariner's fears wouldn't be soothed until the clouds cleared and Polaris came back into view. Even today, sailors sometimes choose to navigate by using Polaris on clear nights.
It's not difficult to differentiate Polaris from other stars. The Big Dipper, which is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris. The handle of the Big Dipper always points to the North Star. When people get lost, it's comforting to know that their problems can be solved by looking at the sky.
Reading Comprehension
Part A: Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.
- _____ Even today, sailors choose to improvise by using Polaris on clear nights.
__________ - _____ A ship could become stranded if a captain erred and made an inadvertent wrong turn.
__________ - _____ The three of them made a nice couple.
__________ - _____ Wild storms were more than nuisances because they disrupted entire journeys.
__________ - _____ It is not difficult to differentiate Polaris from the multitude of other stars in the universe.
__________
Part B: Answer the questions.
- What is the passage about?
- a. Polaris' importance to people
- b. Polaris' location
- c. Polaris' astrological meaning
- d. Polaris' origins
- What has the permanence of Polaris done for people?
_____ - How did sailors figure out their latitude?
_____
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