Unit 24: The Lydian King

Word List

  • v. To advocate a plan or idea is to support or suggest it in public.
    The group advocated increased spending on education and schools.
  • conj. Albeit means although. (It is made of three parts – al(though), be, it.
    She was happy, albeit briefly.
  • v. To authorize something means to give permission for it.
    The mayor authorized the construction of a new statue in the park.
  • n. A civilian is someone who is not in the military.
    It was Todd's job to keep civilians from entering the army facility.
  • n. A commodity is something that can be bought or sold.
    Fran's uncle made most of his money trading commodities.
  • v. When we communicate with others, we talk or write to them.
    He was unable to communicate his feelings clearly.
  • n. A conquest is an event by which one country takes over another country.
    After the conquest, the people of the small city had no freedom.
  • v. To disclose something means to tell it to someone else.
    John came home late, so he had to disclose his activities to his wife.
  • n. The dynamics of a situation are the way that parts of it affect each other.
    A good psychologist needs to know a lot about the dynamics of brain disorders.
  • v. To enroll in something is to put one's name on a list as a member of a group.
    The students had to enroll in the class one semester in advance.
  • adj. When someone is envious, they want something that another person has.
    They were envious of their neighbor's front yard.
  • adj. When something is festive, it is happy and related to a party or celebration.
    Dean's favorite part of Christmas is the festive clothing that people wear.
  • v. When we indicate something, we show or point out our thoughts or plans.
    They indicated that things would be likely to improve soon.
  • n. Lentils are very small beans that people cook and eat.
    Danni made her special soup with lentils when her husband was sick.
  • v. To marshal a group means to assemble them in order.
    The students were marshaled outside and put into groups.
  • n. Morale is the amount of hope that people have during a difficult situation.
    To improve our family's morale, mom suggested going on a picnic.
  • n. Your mood is the way you are feeling.
    My boss is in a really bad mood today.
  • n. A prophecy is a prediction about what will happen in the future.
    Some people believe that prophecies are actually true.
  • n. A senate is a part of the government in some countries.
    Everybody liked Caroline and chose her to speak for them in the senate.
  • n. Unrest is a state of anger about something among the people in a place.
    High taxes caused much of the unrest that led to the Revolutionary War.

 

Exercise

A ‣ Circle the answer that best fits the question.

  1. Who is a person with the power to authorize a war?
    • a. A teacher
    • b. A guard
    • c. A chef
    • d. A president
  2. Which of the following might make it difficult for you to communicate with others?
    • a. Not knowing what to say
    • b. Being well prepared
    • c. Having clear ideas
    • d. Feeling confident
  3. What best describes a wise person?
    • a. Alert
    • b. Intelligent
    • c. Heavy
    • d. Unreliable
  4. Which of the following is a valuable commodity?
    • a. Oil
    • b. Mountains
    • c. Rainwater
    • d. Grass
  5. What might cause unrest at a school?
    • a. Students receiving lunch for free
    • b. Students getting rewarded for good grades
    • c. Students having daily tests
    • d. Students being told to go home early

 

B ‣ Circle the one that is opposite in meaning to the given word.

  1. authorize
    • a. make easy
    • b. reinforce
    • c. declare
    • d. reject
  2. conquest
    • a. combination
    • b. liberation
    • c. eliminate
    • d. shortage
  3. disclose
    • a. conceal
    • b. support
    • c. dry out
    • d. show as guilty
  4. communicate
    • a. speak clearly
    • b. suggest a solution
    • c. stay quiet
    • d. agree
  5. unrest
    • a. no planning
    • b. peace
    • c. early stage
    • d. generosity
  6. mood
    • a. clear
    • b. stubborn
    • c. physicality
    • d. praiseworthy
  7. civilian
    • a. traditionalist
    • b. salesman
    • c. preacher
    • d. soldier
  8. festive
    • a. honest
    • b. penniless
    • c. unhappy
    • d. unchanging
  9. enroll
    • a. quit
    • b. imply
    • c. enlist
    • d. make better
  10. advocate
    • a. fallen
    • b. sinner
    • c. antisocial
    • d. oppose

 

C ‣ Circle the one that is similar in meaning to the given word.

  1. lentil
    • a. prize
    • b. bean
    • c. nut
    • d. coin
  2. envious
    • a. awkward
    • b. sensible
    • c. jealous
    • d. cowardly
  3. commodity
    • a. product
    • b. inactivity
    • c. genius
    • d. act of scolding
  4. dynamics
    • a. angry speech
    • b. edge of
    • c. aspects
    • d. enthusiasm
  5. prophecy
    • a. comes before
    • b. prediction
    • c. true story
    • d. large amount
  6. morale
    • a. goodness
    • b. confidence
    • c. sympathy
    • d. temperature
  7. marshal
    • a. assemble
    • b. promise
    • c. attempt
    • d. contain
  8. albeit
    • a. in spite of
    • b. appealing
    • c. but
    • d. rational
  9. senate
    • a. nice feeling
    • b. aspiration
    • c. school
    • d. government
  10. indicate
    • a. agree
    • b. try
    • c. accept
    • d. show

 

The Lydian King

King Croesus was once one of the richest kings in the world. He ruled over Lydia, an ancient empire located near modern-day Turkey, and controlled a valuable commodity: gold. Many people were very envious of him.

One day, a messenger disclosed some interesting news: political unrest in Persia had weakened the empire. Before then, the Persians had taken over many countries. Many leaders were scared of the Persian conquest. But King Croesus understood the dynamics of war better than most. He decided that it would be a good time to try to beat the Persians while they were weak.

He advocated starting a war, but nobody shared his wishes. Then he asked a wise member of the senate who was visiting from Athens. He didn't say whether he should attack the Persians or not. He only indicated that the king's good luck wouldn't last.

Finally, King Croesus sent a messenger to communicate with the Oracle, a special lady who could see the future. The messenger gave the Oracle jugs of wine and baskets of lentils in order to make her happy. When the messenger came back, he was in a festive mood.

"What was the Oracle's prophecy?" asked King Croesus.

The messenger responded, "She said that if you attack Persia, you will destroy a great empire."

The news filled Croesus with happiness. After hearing the Oracle's prophecy, many civilians enrolled in the Lydian army. The king marshaled his troops and prepared them for a war with Persia. Their morale was high because they were sure they would win. Soon, King Croesus authorized an attack against the Persians.

However, the Persian army was still very strong. After a few months of fighting, it was obvious that the Oracle's prophecy had come true, albeit not in the expected way: by attacking the Persians, King Croesus had destroyed a great empire-his own! King Croesus should have considered the ambiguous advice more carefully.

 

Reading Comprehension

Part A: Mark each statement T for true or F for false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true.

  1. _____ People were envious of King Croesus because he understood the dynamics of war better than anybody else.
    __________
  2. _____ The messenger disclosed that the Persians were in a state of unrest.
    __________
  3. _____ The wise man from the senate was the only one that shared the king's wish.
    __________
  4. _____ The messenger gave the Oracle jugs of wine and baskets of lentils to make her happy.
    __________
  5. _____ The Oracle's prophecy was that the Lydian conquest of Persia would be successful.
    __________

 

Part B: Answer the questions.

  1. What is the passage about?
    • a. Destroying a kingdom
    • b. Visiting an oracle
    • c. Creating an empire
    • d. Raising an army
  2. Why was the messenger in a happy mood when he returned from seeing the Oracle?
    _____
  3. How did the civilians who joined Lydian army feel about the war?
    _____

 

Answer Key

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