Unit 3: The Battle of Thermopylae

Word List

  • n. An arrow is a thin, straight stick shot from a bow.
    The arrow flew through the air and hit the target.
  • n. A battle is a fight between two armies during a war.
    The battle lasted for many days.
  • n. A bow is a weapon made of curved wood and string that shoots arrows.
    He went hunting with a bow and arrow.
  • adj. A brave person is not afraid to face pain or danger.
    The brave firefighter saved the girl from the burning building.
  • n. A chief is the leader of a group of people.
    The chief led the people through the mountains.
  • n. A disadvantage is a situation that makes it hard to do something.
    Mike had a disadvantage in the race since he hurt his knee.
  • n. An enemy is a country that is fighting another country during a war.
    The enemy prepared to attack the kingdom.
  • n. An entrance is a place where someone can enter an area.
    The gate was locked, so Bill had to find a different entrance.
  • adv. Hardly shows that something happens in a very small way.
    I hardly saw the concert since I had to leave early.
  • v. To intend to do something means to plan to do it.
    I intend to finish college in three years.
  • n. Laughter is the sound produced by laughing about something funny.
    Susan's joke made her classmates burst into laughter.
  • n. A log is a thick piece of wood that is cut from a tree.
    The fire was too small, so we added another log to it.
  • n. The military is the armed forces of a country.
    I joined the military after I finished high school.
  • v. To obey means to follow what a law or a person says to do.
    My little sister did not obey my mother. Now, she is in trouble.
  • v. To secure something means to get it after a lot of effort.
    I was able to secure a good grade on my test after weeks of studying.
  • adj. Steady shows that someone or something does not change much.
    The problem was hard, but she remained steady and solved it.
  • v. To trust is to believe that someone is honest and will do what is right.
    I trust my friends; they don't tell my secrets to other people.
  • v. When we twist something we turn it around and around.
    She twisted the spaghetti around her fork.
  • conj. Unless means if not or except when.
    Unless you clean your room, you cannot play with your friends.
  • n. A weapon is an object used to hurt people.
    Swords have been used as weapons for thousands of years.

 

Exercise

A ‣ Write the word that best fits each sentence.

  1. bow / log
    Please put another _____ on the fire; it's getting cold in here.
    The woman shot the arrows with a _____ .
  2. enemy / military
    If our country's army is weak, our _____ might attack us.
    Long ago, Greece had the most powerful _____ in the world.
  3. obey / trust
    Because I respect my parents, I _____ their rules.
    We cannot _____ Bob because he often doesn't do what he says he'll do.
  4. intended / secured
    I _____ a job with a big company yesterday.
    I _____ to go to the store, but I didn't have time.
  5. battle / disadvantage
    The rain was a _____ for the other soccer team.
    During the _____ at sea, many ships sank.

 

B ‣ Circle the word that fits the definition.

  1. a person of the highest rank
    • a. brave
    • b. obey
    • c. chief
    • d. trust
  2. done in a small or weak way
    • a. hardly
    • b. unless
    • c. secure
    • d. disadvantage
  3. to wrap around itself or another thing
    • a. steady
    • b. arrow
    • c. bow
    • d. twist
  4. to plan to do
    • a. laughter
    • b. intend
    • c. battle
    • d. military
  5. a space used to go into an area
    • a. enemy
    • b. entrance
    • c. log
    • d. weapon

 

C ‣ Complete the puzzle with the word that is similar in meaning to the bolded part.

DOWN
  1. At work, Mr. Smith is the person with the highest rank. _____
  2. The long, straight stick with a pointed end hit the center of the target. _____
  1. His giggle made other people smile. _____
  2. If we don't stop for gas soon, the car will run out. _____
  1. Johan was afraid of heights, but he remained under control and finished the climb. _____

 

ACROSS
  1. The little boy was not afraid to look under his bed for the monster. _____
  1. He lost the fight because his object used for hurting people was broken. _____
  2. I barely know my neighbors; I don't see them very often. _____
  1. Snakes wrap themselves around the tree branches. _____
  2. I could not find the place to go in to the movie theater. _____

 

The Battle of Thermopylae

This is a true story. It happened long ago in Greece.

"We must fight,” the Spartan* chief told his small army of brave men. They were at a great disadvantage. There were only three hundred of them. The Persian military had hundreds of thousands of men.

They were going to lose unless they could secure a small entrance. The enemy couldn't move through it easily. They intended to stop the enemy there. The chief and his men got ready for the battle.

Soon, long lines of the enemy's army twisted around the hills. The chief met the enemy with laughter. He knew that his men's weapons and skills were better. The Spartans trusted their leader and obeyed him.

First, the enemy soldiers shot arrows from their bows. The chief told his men to lift their shields*. The arrows stuck into the shields but did not hurt any of the men.

Then, the enemy's soldiers attacked the Spartans with long spears. The chief surprised them. His men sent logs down the hills at the enemy.

They fought for three days. Although they hardly slept at all, the chief and his men remained steady.

But the enemy found a way to beat the Spartans. The chief and all of his men were killed. Even though they lost, the Battle of Thermopylae is one of the most famous battles in history.

* Spartan - a person from the city of Sparta in Greece
* shield - a piece of wood or metal that soldiers carried to protect themselves

 

Reading Comprehension

Answer the questions.

  1. What is this story about?
    • a. How an enemy made an attack against shields
    • b. Why logs were rolled down on soldiers
    • c. How a small army almost beat a large military
    • d. Why good soldiers obey their leaders
  2. Why was the smaller army not afraid of the larger one?
    • a. The larger army didn't have any weapons.
    • b. The smaller army had better weapons and skills.
    • c. The larger army did not trust their leader.
    • d. The smaller army did not intend to fight.
  3. The brave men knew they would lose
    • a. because they heard the soldiers' laughter
    • b. unless they secured the narrow entrance
    • c. against the other army's bows and arrows
    • d. hardly any men fighting the large army
  4. According to the passage, all the following are true about the Persian army EXCEPT
    • a. their long lines of soldiers twisted around the hills
    • b. they used bows and arrows
    • c. they had a steady three-day attack against the Spartans
    • d. they used fire to defeat the Spartans
  5. Why did the soldiers do whatever their chief asked of them?
    _____

 

Answer Key

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